Gestational Hypertension – Causes, Risks, and Care
By Dr. Sonal Jain – MD General Medicine, Himayat Nagar, Hyderabad
Pregnancy is an exciting and transformative time, but it also brings unique health challenges. One such condition that requires attention is gestational hypertension – high blood pressure that develops during pregnancy, usually after the 20th week. While it may resolve after delivery, proper monitoring and treatment are essential to safeguard both the mother’s and the baby’s health.
What is Gestational Hypertension?
Gestational hypertension is diagnosed when:
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Blood pressure is ≥140/90 mmHg on two separate readings at least four hours apart.
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It develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy in women with previously normal blood pressure.
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There is no protein in the urine (which would indicate preeclampsia).
Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact cause is not fully understood, several factors increase the risk:
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First pregnancy
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Multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets)
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History of hypertension in previous pregnancies
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Family history of high blood pressure or preeclampsia
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Obesity or excessive weight gain during pregnancy
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Maternal age below 20 or above 35
Potential Complications
If left untreated, gestational hypertension can progress to preeclampsia, a serious condition affecting multiple organs. Other risks include:
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Poor fetal growth due to reduced placental blood flow
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Preterm delivery
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Placental abruption (premature separation of the placenta)
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Increased risk of developing chronic hypertension later in life
Symptoms to Watch For
Most women with gestational hypertension have no obvious symptoms, which is why regular antenatal checkups are crucial. However, warning signs that need urgent attention include:
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Severe headaches
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Blurred vision or sensitivity to light
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Swelling of the face, hands, or feet
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Sudden weight gain
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Upper abdominal pain
Diagnosis
Your doctor will:
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Measure your blood pressure at every prenatal visit
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Check for protein in the urine
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Monitor fetal growth through ultrasound
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Perform blood tests to assess liver and kidney function
Management and Treatment
Treatment depends on blood pressure levels and how far along you are in pregnancy:
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Lifestyle adjustments: Reduce salt intake, rest adequately, avoid stress.
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Close monitoring: Frequent BP checks and fetal monitoring.
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Medications: Safe antihypertensive drugs may be prescribed.
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Timely delivery: If hypertension worsens or the pregnancy is near term, early delivery may be recommended.
Post-Pregnancy Outlook
In most cases, blood pressure returns to normal within 12 weeks after delivery. However, women who have had gestational hypertension are at higher risk of:
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Hypertension in future pregnancies
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Chronic hypertension later in life
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Heart disease in the long term
Prevention Tips
While not all cases can be prevented, these steps may help reduce risk:
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Maintain a healthy weight before and during pregnancy
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Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
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Stay physically active as per your doctor’s advice
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Attend all prenatal checkups
Bottom line: Gestational hypertension can be managed effectively with early detection, regular monitoring, and appropriate medical care. If you are pregnant, never skip your antenatal visits – they are key to ensuring your safety and your baby’s well-being.
📍 Clinic: Dr. Sonal Jain – MD General Medicine, Himayat Nagar, Hyderabad
📞 Contact: 9701073615
Timings: Mon–Sat: 9 AM – 2 PM & 5 PM – 9:30 PM | Sun: 9 AM – 2 PM
